I stand with Jefferson rather than with them, and tell them, as he did, that the issue of money is a function of the government and that the banks should go out of the governing business. The only gold man who put together any sort of campaign for the Democratic nomination was Treasury Secretary One of the leaders of the silver movement was Illinois Governor Altgeld; a native of Germany, he was constitutionally barred from the presidency by his foreign birth. But note the change. Welcome to a series on William Jennings Bryan's famous 1896 Cross of Gold speech. This exhibit features cartoons from Jay N. "Ding" Darling, Homer C . Content can enter the public domain when copyright has expired, has been forfeited or is not applicable. Bryan made a speech called "Cross of Gold", which had a strong reaction with the audience and included religious imagery. The Republicans gained control of the House, as well as the Senate, which until 1913 was elected by the state legislatures rather than by the popular vote. If they say bimetallism is good but we cannot have it till some nation helps us, we reply that, instead of having a gold standard because England has, we shall restore bimetallism, and then let England have bimetallism because the United States have. His opponent, William Jennings Bryan (who Littlefield suggested was represented by the cowardly lion in The Wizard of Oz) was famous for his "Cross of Gold" speech. Nevertheless, Senator John W. Daniel of Virginia was by an overwhelming vote elected temporary chairman, and a Committee on Credentials was appointed that seated Bryan and his contesting Nebraska delegation.[47]. [51], The debate on the platform opened at the start of the third day of the convention, July 9, 1896. It's a very famous speech and it was powerfully delivered, and was so . [13], The effects of the depression which began in 1893, and which continued through 1896, ruined many Americans. Edition of 10 (this copy is #5). However, Bryan, lacking a seat at the start of the convention, could not be elected temporary chairman. At Bryan's words, he threw his hat into the air, slapped the empty seat in front of him with his coat, and shouted, "My God! He would subsequently win the Democratic nomination for president in 1900 and again . The Democratic idea, however, has been that if you legislate to make the masses prosperous, their prosperity will find its way up through every class which rests upon them. Therefore, we care not upon what lines the battle is fought. Bryan consented, on condition that his own time was extended by the same amount; this was agreed to. [82] The convention passed the platform in Bryan's absence and recessed. Bryan, a former Democratic congressman from Nebraska, gained his party's presidential nomination in July of that year after electrifying the Democratic National Convention with his Cross of Gold speech. Out of all of the prominent business figures that arose during the Gilded Age, Andrew Carnegie is perhaps viewed in the most positive light. [2] On April 2, 1792, Congress passed the Mint Act of 1792. If the gold standard is a good thing, why try to get rid of it? [27] However, part of his strategy was to remain inconspicuous until the last possible moment at the convention. It did not become unconstitutional until one judge changed his mind; and we cannot be expected to know when a judge will change his mind. The Democratic Party wanted to create more upward mobility for people. Conditions have arisen and we are attempting to meet those conditions. They can find where the holders of fixed investments have. There was loud cheering as Bryan stood there, waiting for his audience to calm. There are those who believe that if you just legislate to make the well-to-do prosperous, that their prosperity will leak through on those below. We defy them! "[61] Bryan would say little that he had not said beforethe text is similar to that of a speech he had given the previous week at Crete, Nebraska[62]but he would give the convention its voice. Railway employees had refused to handle Pullman cars in sympathy with the strikers; this action threatened to paralyze the nation's rail lines. The policemen were swept away by the flood of delegates, who raised Bryan to their shoulders and carried him around the floor. They say we passed an unconstitutional law. I ask him, if he will apply his logic to us, why he does not apply it to himself. Question 9 30 seconds Q. [63], I would be presumptuous, indeed, to present myself against the distinguished gentlemen to whom you have listened if this were a mere measuring of abilities; but this is not a contest between persons. [105] Author and political commentator William Safire, in his political dictionary, traced the term "trickle-down economics" (common in the Reagan era) to Bryan's statement that some believe that government should legislate for the wealthy, and allow prosperity to "leak through" on those below. At the time, Bryan was a former member of Congress from Nebraska who had been working tirelessly to build support for his candidacy. We believe it is a part of sovereignty and can no more with safety be delegated to private individuals than can the power to make penal statutes or levy laws for taxation. The galleries were filled with white as spectators waved handkerchiefs, and it was several minutes before he could continue. [102] Bryan's emphasis on agrarian issues, both in his speech and in his candidacy, may have helped cement voting patterns which kept the Democrats largely out of power until the 1930s. We reply that when we advocate a thing which we believe will be successful we are not compelled to raise a doubt as to our own sincerity by trying to show what we will do if we are wrong. Cleveland friend and former Postmaster General Donald M. Dickinson wrote to the President in June 1896 hoping that the delegates would recognize "common sense" and be frightened at the thought of nominating a radical. Updates? Although Hamilton understood that adjustment might be needed from time to time as precious metal prices fluctuated, he believed that if the nation's unit of value were defined only by one of the two precious metals used for coins, the other would descend to the status of mere merchandise, unusable as a store of value. [36], Bryan arrived quietly and took rooms at a modest hotel; the Nebraskan later calculated that he spent less than $100 while in Chicago. Our ancestors, when but 3 million, had the courage to declare their political independence of every other nation upon earth. [46] However, Barnes deemed the actions by the committee immaterial to the outcome due to the silver strength in the convention: Anyone who doubts the power the silverites were ready to unleash in a disciplined and irresistible attack needs only to read the results of the election of temporary chairman. At 36 years old, with two terms in Congress and a failed 1894 run for Senate under his belt, Bryan was the party's most outspoken and effective champion of silver. BRYAN: CROSS OF GOLD. Lafayette, CA: d press, 1995. [57] Bryan then defended the right of silver supporters to make their argument against opposition from gold men, who were associated with financial interests, especially in the East. For twenty years, Americans had been bitterly divided over the nation's monetary standard. Forward-Looking Statements Except for historical information, this presentation may contain certain "forward-looking statements". Cross of Gold speech, classic of American political oratory delivered on July 8, 1896, by William Jennings Bryan in closing the debate on the party platform at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago during the campaign for the presidential election of 1896. The person who gave the Cross of Gold speech was the orator and politician William Jennings Bryan. With a two-thirds vote of the delegates needed to nominate, almost every silver delegate would have to vote for the same candidate to assure success, though any organized support from gold delegates would greatly damage a silver candidate's chances. In a speech called "Cross of Gold," it is difficult to ignore the religious imagery that Bryan employs. Not only that, but as he listens he can hear with ever increasing distinctness the sound of the waves as they beat upon the lonely shores of St. Helena. Many in the public saw the bonds as benefiting bankers, not the nation. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cross_of_Gold_speech&oldid=1138712489, United States National Recording Registry recordings, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using infobox event with unknown parameters, Pages using infobox event with blank parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Bryan nominated for president by the Democrats, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 05:01. TABLE 7 Comparative Analysis of Two Theoretical Explanations of Personality . Because upon the paramount issue in this campaign there is not a spot of ground upon which the enemy will dare to challenge battle. In passing the Coinage Act, Congress eliminated bimetallism. Three months later, at Memphis, an organization was perfected, and the silver Democrats went forth openly and boldly and courageously proclaiming their belief and declaring that if successful they would crystallize in a platform the declaration which they had made; and then began the conflict with a zeal approaching the zeal which inspired the crusaders who followed Peter the Hermit. Cross of Gold Speech - Analysis | Milestone Documents - Milestone Documents William Jennings Bryan: "Cross of Gold" Speech Log in to see the full document and commentary. But we stand here representing people who are the equals before the law of the largest cities in the state of Massachusetts. Senators, Bryan rose to speak. Why, that man who used to boast that he looked like Napoleon, that man shudders today when he thinks that he was nominated on the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo. The response, wrote one reporter, came like one great burst of artillery. Men and women screamed and waved their hats and canes. Of these, only Senator Blackburn, a silver supporter, sparked much reaction, and that only momentary. The platform would symbolize the repudiation of Cleveland and his policies after the insurgents' long struggle, and Bryan was determined to close the debate on the platform. They tell us that the income tax ought not to be brought in here; that is not a new idea. The individual is but an atom; he is born, he acts, he dies; but principles are eternal; and this has been a contest of principle. "[55] Hill gave a calm speech defending the gold position, and swayed few delegates. The audio portion is an excerpt. Bryan, having established the right of silver supporters to petition, explained why that petition was not to be denied: It is for these that we speak. 7.5 x 4.75 in. [88] The St. Louis Post-Dispatch opined that with the speech, Bryan "just about immortalized himself". We beg no longer; we entreat no more; we petition no more. Let me call attention to two or three great things. In his "Cross of Gold" speech, Bryan argued that the debate over monetary policy was part of a broader struggle for democracy, political independence and the welfare of the "common man." Bryan's speech was met with rapturous applause and a celebration on the floor of the convention that lasted for over half an hour. Subscribe 84K views 7 years ago This is a speech from Democratic Candidate William Jennings Bryan, which he originally delivered in 1896. In January 1791, at the request of Congress, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton issued a report on the currency. Both men spoke to hundreds of thousands of people from their chosen venues. We believe it. Some of the impoverished died of disease or starvation; others killed themselves.[15]. Now, my friends, let me come to the great paramount issue. Bryan begins. Advocates of the gold standard attributed the decline to advances in production and transportation. The speech was given at the Democratic National Convention, so the audience was pledged delegates from the 50 states of the US so that . Three months ago, when it was confidently asserted that those who believed in the gold standard would frame our platforms and nominate our candidates, even the advocates of the gold standard did not think that we could elect a President; but they had good reasons for the suspicion, because there is scarcely a state here today asking for the gold standard that is not within the absolute control of the Republican Party. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 28 Monday Mar 2016. Speakers in some states cursed Cleveland; the South Carolina convention denounced him. Second, like many people, Bryan thought the gold standard disadvantaged the working classes and farmers by keeping the price of debt high. Bryan did not think it was necessary for the United States to hold in reserve an amount of gold equal in value to all the paper money in circulation. The gentleman from New York says that he will propose an amendment providing that this change in our law shall not affect contracts which, according to the present laws, are made payable in gold. The "Cross Of Gold" speech was a speech by William which helped propel the convention to nominate him as a Democratic presidential candidate. [28], Bryan believed that he could, if nominated, unite the disaffected behind a strong silver campaign. But in this contest, brother has been arrayed against brother, and father against son. [84][85] On the second ballot, Bryan still stood second, but had gained as other candidates had fallen away. At the. "[24], In the aftermath of the 1894 election, the silver forces, led by Altgeld and others, began an attempt to take over the machinery of the Democratic Party. "Strictly confidential, not to be quoted for publication: I will be. Although Bryan had decided on a strategy to gain the nominationto give a speech which would make him the logical candidate in the eyes of delegateshe faced obstacles along the way. He says he also wants to amend this platform so as to provide that if we fail to maintain the parity within a year that we will then suspend the coinage of silver. His speech, delivered at the close of the debate on the party platform, electrified the convention and is generally credited with earning him the nomination for president. The bill, as modified by amendments sponsored by Iowa Senator William B. Allison, did not reverse the 1873 provisions, but required the Treasury to purchase a minimum of $2 million of silver bullion per month; the profit, or seignorage from monetizing the silver was to be used to purchase more silver bullion. Afrocentrists, Evangelicals, Hebrew-Israelites and the False Revolution. . One after another, state conventions to elect delegates to the national convention in Chicago repudiated an incumbent elected president of their party, who had not declared whether he would be a candidate for renomination. "[67] By then, as he spoke in a sincere tone, his voice sounded clearly and loudly through the hall. Mr. McKinley was nominated at St. Louis upon a platform that declared for the maintenance of the gold standard until it should be changed into bimetallism by an international agreement. It is for these that we speak. In the "Cross of Gold" speech, Bryan argued that the Democratic Party's focus on bi-metallism in its platform was justified because a gold standard alone could not solve the country's problems at the time, including debt, small business failure, and monopolies. "[56], As Russell concluded, to strong applause from gold delegates,[57] there was a buzz of anticipation as Bryan ascended to the podium. [7] This would inflate the money supply, and, adherents argued, increase the nation's prosperity. [74], With this call to action, Bryan abandoned any hint at compromise, and adopted the techniques of the radical, polarizing orator, finding no common ground between silver and gold forces. [6], 8, [4] pages, wraps. It is the issue of 1776 over again. Contemporary estimates were an unemployment rate as high as 25%. You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. This teaching guide helps instructors use a specific primary source set, Patronage and Populism: The Politics of the Gilded Age, in the classroom. His speeches impressed many; even some of his opponents later conceded that Bryan was the most compelling speaker they had ever heard. Our war is not a war of conquest. William Jennings Bryan, gifted orator and three-time presidential candidate was born on March 19, 1860, in Salem, Illinois. Publishing regularly in Harper's Weekly . [10], Implementation of the BlandAllison Act did not end calls for free silver. If they tell us that the gold standard is the standard of civilization, we reply to them that this, the most enlightened of all nations of the earth, has never declared for a gold standard, and both the parties this year are declaring against it. Mr. Jefferson, who was once regarded as good Democratic authority, seems to have a different opinion from the gentleman who has addressed us on the part of the minority. The financial Panic of 1893 intensified the debates, and when President Grover Cleveland (a Democrat) continued to support the gold standard against the will of much of his party, activists became determined to take over the Democratic Party organization and nominate a silver-supporting candidate in 1896. The session was supposed to begin at 10:00a.m., but as delegates, slowed by the long commute from the hotels to the Coliseum and fatigue from the first two days, did not arrive on time, proceedings did not begin until 10:45. If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we shall fight them to the uttermost, having behind us the producing masses of the nation and the world. One Indiana voter wrote, "God has sent you amongst our people to save the poor from starvation, and we no [sic] you will save us. With the powerful words he used, Bryan showed his support to the Populists. Political cartoons are generally regarded as a hypertrophied imagination of the political or social reality of the particular time epoch. The humblest citizen in all the land, when clad in the armor of a righteous cause, is stronger than all the hosts of error. The issue was whether to endorse the free coinage of silver at a ratio of silver to gold of 16 to 1. [4] In 1830, Treasury Secretary Samuel D. Ingham proposed adjusting the ratio between gold and silver in US currency to 15.8:1, which had for some time been the ratio in Europe. [65] Bryan then recounted the history of the silver movement; the audience, which had loudly demonstrated its approval of his opening statements, quieted. Grant Hamilton cartoon for Judge Magazine on William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech, Democratic National Convention, Chicago, July 9, 1896. The next day the convention nominated Bryan for President on the fifth ballot. How is it today? They went away apologetically, not having known Bryan sought the nomination. W.J. Can you find the other strategies in his speech? . He also proposed the establishment of a mint, at which citizens could present gold or silver, and receive it back, struck into money. He mocked McKinley, said by some to resemble Napoleon, noting that he was nominated on the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo. He had already begun work on a speech. Nevertheless, large crowds gathered outside the public entrances; the galleries were quickly packed. The third ballot saw Bland still in the lead, but Bryan took the lead on the fourth ballot. Although Altgeld and his adherents urged voters to distinguish between Cleveland and his party, the Democrats lost 113 seats in the House in the 1894 midterm elections, the greatest loss by a majority party in congressional history. The bankers did not want loans repaid in an inflated currencythe gold standard was deflationary, and as creditors, they preferred to be paid in such a currency, whereas debtors preferred to repay in inflated currency. They have tried to strain it to mean that which it does not mean. [64] According to Bensel, the self-deprecation helped disarm the delegates. He was nominated two more times as the Democratic presidential nominee, but he lost again to McKinley in 1900 and to Republican candidate William H. Taft (1857-1930) in 1908. We have petitioned, and our petitions have been scorned; we have entreated, and our entreaties have been disregarded; we have begged, and they have mocked when our calamity came. Pledging support for American workers, he sought high tariffs to make foreign manufactured goods unattractive and he supported the gold standard. The gentleman from Wisconsin has said he fears a Robespierre. William Jennings Bryan and the Cross of Gold Speech - US 101 - YouTube In 1896, former Nebraska Congressman William Jennings Bryan became the Democratic nominee for President by delivering. Accordingly, Bryan became the final speaker on the platform. This takeover was considered far more important than was the choice of presidential candidate, and the committee decided to take no position on who should win the race for the nomination, reasoning that the victor, no matter who he was, would be a silver man. Bryan had been a dark horse candidate with little support in the convention. The sympathies of the Democratic Party, as shown by the platform, are on the side of the struggling masses, who have ever been the foundation of the Democratic Party.[77]. We go forth confident that we shall win. [52] Although Tillman endorsed silver, his address was so laced with sectionalism that most silver delegates remained silent for fear of being seen as supporting him. This was not the case; Bryan was well known as an orator on the tariff and silver questions. We do not come as aggressors. [98], After McKinley's inauguration in March 1897, increases in gold availability from new discoveries and improved refining methods led to a considerable increase in the money supply. He was known for his deeply held religious beliefs and his popular touch, which earned him the moniker "the Great Commoner." He favored the monetary policy . See Also:"I Am a Democrat and not a Revolutionist": Senator David Bennett Hill Defends the Gold Standard"Pitchfork Ben" Tillman Addresses the 1896 Democratic Convention, "I Am a Democrat and not a Revolutionist": Senator David Bennett Hill Defends the Gold Standard, "Pitchfork Ben" Tillman Addresses the 1896 Democratic Convention. [42] Going into the convention, the two leading candidates for the nomination were former Congressman Bland, who had originated the Bland-Allison Act, and former Iowa Governor Horace Boies, with Bland considered the frontrunner. 19. [58] Bryan's lecture tours had left him a well-known spokesman for silver. The legislation also established the Mint of the United States. Critics contended that the inflation which would follow the introduction of such a policy would harm workers, whose wages would not rise as fast as prices would, and the operation of Gresham's law would drive gold from circulation, effectively placing the United States on a silver standard. We come to speak for this broader class of businessmen. [11], In 1890, the Sherman Silver Purchase Act greatly increased government purchases of silver. [91] He received many letters from supporters, expressing their faith in him in stark terms. He then lowered them, descended from the podium, and began to head back to his seat as the stillness held. [37] He arrived convinced that he would win the nomination. 12, 18951904: Populism, Imperialism, and Reform (Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1968), 100105. A. If the gold standard, and I might call your attention to the fact that some of the very people who are in this convention today and who tell you that we ought to declare in favor of international bimetallism and thereby declare that the gold standard is wrong and that the principles of bimetallism are betterthese very people four months ago were open and avowed advocates of the gold standard and telling us that we could not legislate two metals together even with all the world. "[1], As Bryan spoke his final sentence, recalling the Crucifixion of Jesus, he placed his hands to his temples, fingers extended; with the final words, he extended his arms to his sides straight out to his body and held that pose for about five seconds as if offering himself as sacrifice for the cause, as the audience watched in dead silence. [81] Newspaper accounts of the convention leave little doubt but that, had a vote been taken at that moment (as many were shouting to do), Bryan would have been nominated. [100] Stanley Jones, however, suggested that even if Bryan had never delivered it, he would still have been nominated. [97] Bryan won the South and most of the West, but McKinley's victories in the more populous Northeast and Midwest carried him to the presidency. [72] When Bryan resumed, his comparison of miner with miser again electrified the audience; the uproar prevented him from continuing for several minutes. When this debate is concluded, a motion will be made to lay upon the table the resolution offered in commendation of the administration and also the resolution in condemnation of the administration. We have simply called attention to what you know. We are prepared to meet them on either issue or on both. For one thing, he began the 1896 convention without any official statusthe Democratic National Committee, which made the initial determination of which delegations would be seated, had chosen the pro-gold Nebraskans to represent their state. A third attempt in early 1878 again passed the House, and eventually both houses after being amended in the Senate. When you come before us and tell us that we shall disturb your business interests, we reply that you have disturbed our business interests by your action. We come to speak of this broader class of business men. Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: fishpicnictrogir.com, +385958056096 Three island tour from Trogir & Split, Fish picnic Trogir - One day trip from Trogir or Split, Blue Lagoon, olta, Private tours I shall object to bringing this question down to a level of persons. Vilas gave a lengthy defense of the Cleveland administration's policies, so long that Russell, fearing that Vilas' speech would cut into his time, asked that the time given to the gold proponents be extended by ten minutes. This paper presents a formal analysis of political cartoons using methods from classical semiotics, semiotic morphisms, and in particular the study of blends. It was clear to listeners as he worked his way through the comparisons that he would refer to the farmer, and when he did, the hall exploded with sound. Corrections? Bryan later wrote, "This was another unexpected bit of good fortune. The image that is selected for the analysis is from the pre-1856 epoch of US history, and it represents the imagination of the political and social life as it was imagined by artists. After speeches on the subject by several U.S. I want to suggest this truth, that if the gold standard is a good thing we ought to declare in favor of its retention and not in favor of abandoning it; and if the gold standard is a bad thing, why should we wait until some other nations are willing to help us to let it go? I come to speak to you in defense of a cause as holy as the cause of libertythe cause of humanity. [64] Throughout the speech, Bryan had the delegates in the palm of his hand; they cheered on cue. The gold standard, which the United States had effectively been on since 1873, limited the money supply but eased trade with other nations, such as the United Kingdom, whose currency was also based on gold. The gold men, though they possessed the machinery of the party, had neither the power nor the strength to challenge their opponents. [86], Most contemporary press accounts attributed Bryan's nomination to his eloquence, though in the case of Republican and other gold-favoring newspapers, they considered it his demagoguery. 58 ] Bryan 's absence and recessed, ruined many Americans the fourth ballot it! Eliminated bimetallism a Robespierre publication: i will be second, like many people, became... In Bryan 's lecture tours had left him a well-known spokesman for silver women... Mckinley, said by some to resemble Napoleon, noting that he could, if will... Enter the public entrances ; the galleries were quickly packed Congress from Nebraska who been... Still have been nominated calls for free silver have been nominated, Bryan `` just about himself... Supported the gold men, though they possessed the machinery of the depression began. 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Been arrayed against brother, and it was powerfully delivered, and it was powerfully delivered, and continued! Large crowds gathered outside the public saw the bonds as benefiting bankers, not to be brought here... `` just about immortalized himself '' though they possessed the machinery of largest. ] pages, wraps edition of 10 ( this copy is # 5 ) to get rid of it Waterloo!, said by some to resemble Napoleon, noting that he could continue will... Outside the public domain when copyright has expired, has been arrayed against brother, and to... Of business men to be quoted for publication: i will be mobility for.... Quoted for publication: i will be and politician William Jennings Bryan, lacking a at. One great burst of artillery this exhibit features cartoons from Jay N. quot. Like one great burst of artillery 37 ] he arrived convinced that he would win the nomination, he! 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